Cogan's Dystrophy (Map-Dot-Fingerprint Dystrophy)
Overview
Cogan's Dystrophy
is a disease that affects the
cornea.
It is commonly called Map-Dot-Fingerprint Dystrophy because
of microscopic dot and fingerprint-like patterns
that form within the layers of the cornea.
The cornea is
comprised of five layers. Cogan's affects the superficial
cornea layer called the epithelium. The epithelium's bottom,
or basement layer of cells becomes thickened and uneven. This
weakens the bond between the cells and sometimes causes the
epithelium to become loosened and slough off in areas. This
problem is called corneal erosion.
Even though this
disease is commonly known as a dystrophy (a term that describes
genetic diseases), Cogan's is not necessarily an inherited problem.
It often affects both eyes and is typically diagnosed after the age
of 30. Cogan's usually becomes progressively worse with age.
Signs and Symptoms
Some patients with
Cogan's dystrophy have no symptoms at all. The symptoms among
patients may may vary widely in severity and include:
Detection and Diagnosis
The doctor examines the layers of
the cornea with a slit lamp
microscope. In some cases,
corneal topography may be
needed to evaluate and monitor astigmatism resulting from the
disease.
Treatment
The treatment for Cogan's is
dependent on the severity of the problem. The first step is to
lubricate the cornea with artificial tears to keep the surface
smooth and comfortable. Lubricating ointments are recommended
at bedtime so the eyes are more comfortable in the morning.
Salt solution drops or ointments such as sodium chloride are often
prescribed to reduce swelling and improve vision. Gas permeable
contacts are occasionally fit for patients with irregular
astigmatism to create a smooth, even corneal surface and improve
vision.
For patients with recurrent corneal
erosion, soft, bandage contact lenses may be used to keep the eye
comfortable and allow the cornea to heal. In some cases, laser
treatment may beneficial. The surgeon removes the epithelium
with an Excimer laser, creating a regular, smooth surface. The
epithelium quickly regenerates, usually within a matter of days,
forming a better bond with the underlying cell layer.
St. Luke's Cataract & Laser
Institute provides this on-line information for educational and
communication purposes only and it should not be construed as
personal medical advice. Information published on this St.
Luke's website is not intended to replace, supplant, or augment a
consultation with an eye care professional regarding the
viewer/user's own medical care. St. Luke's disclaims any and
all liability for injury or other damages that could result from use
of the information obtained from this site. |
